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 'Medical home'  health care model, focusing on prevention, shows results and cuts costs 
  
  Tom  Murphy, AP Business Writer, On Wednesday July 20, 2011, 6:38 am EDT  
 
  
  In this July 13,  2011 photo, Richard Smith poses for a photo with his dog Willie at his home in  Vidor, Texas. Smith, who has multiple sclerosis and knee and ankle problems,  once struggled to walk to his mailbox. Now, he walks three to four miles a day.  He's dropped 40 pounds in two years, and his blood pressure and cholesterol  have lowered.(AP Photo/Pat Sullivan)
  
  INDIANAPOLIS  (AP) -- A budding model for primary care that encourages the family doctor to act  as a health coach who focuses as much on preventing illness as on treating it  has shown promising results and saved insurers millions of dollars.
  
  Growth in  emergency room visits and hospital admissions slowed and prescription drug  costs have been tamed with this approach, known in the industry as  patient-centered medical homes, or just medical homes.
  
  The current  health care system pays doctors to see patients and largely attend to their  immediate needs. Patients may get treatment, advice, a prescription and a  follow-up appointment.
  
  Patient-centered medical homes focus on keeping patients healthy, which  saves money by reducing hospital visits, especially for chronic conditions such  as diabetes.
  
  WellPoint Inc., UnitedHealth Group Inc., and other insurers have pilot  projects around the country testing this concept. The departments of Defense  and Veterans Affairs are making plans to use medical homes, and more than a  million Medicare recipients are involved in another test.
  
  All told, an estimated 40,000 primary care doctors work in practices set up  as patient-centered medical homes, according to the Patient Centered Primary  Care Collaborative. That amounts to about 13 percent of all doctors and  pediatricians.
  
  Michigan's largest insurer says it saved $65 million to $70 million last  year through its medical-homes program. But the idea requires big changes to  traditional primary care, and experts say that may slow its growth.
  
  Patients say they like the greater involvement of their doctors.
  
  Richard Smith of Vidor, Texas, who has multiple sclerosis and knee and ankle  problems, once struggled to walk to his mailbox. Now, he walks three to four  miles a day. He's dropped 40 pounds in two years, and his blood pressure and  cholesterol are down.
  
  He credits Dr. James Holly and a medical home practice. Holly ordered braces  for Smith's legs, encouraged him to exercise and introduced him to a dietician.  And the doctor called Smith once in a while to check in.
  
  "He really touches base on everything, my health, any kind of problems  I have," he says. "He's worried about my whole life."
  
  Under the medical home approach, doctors use electronic records to track  patients between visits and act as the central point of communication between  specialists, nutritionists and others. They monitor blood pressure, blood sugar  and other tests and whether patients are exercising and taking their  medication. They also exchange emails with patients.
  
  Instead of simply telling someone to exercise or stop smoking, a doctor or  member of the patient's care team might devise a plan with the patient and then  check to see that he sticks to it.
  
  Patient-centered medical homes started in the late 1960s to help children  with complex medical problems. The concept took off in primary care a few years  ago, as insurers and doctors looked for alternatives to a system with soaring  costs.
  
  "The irony of medical care is that people are their own doctor 99  percent of the time, and what we don't do well is help that person be the best  doctor they can be," says Dr. Dave Lynch, whose Bellingham, Wash., family  practice has operated as a medical home since the late 1990s.
  
  The concept depends on doctors and other care providers doing more than they  normally might in primary care. Don Jacoby of Cincinnati, for example, woke up  the day after knee surgery in January to find his primary-care doctor standing  next to his hospital bed.
  
  The doctor had set up Jacoby's appointment with an orthopedic surgeon and  then visited afterward to see how he was doing. It reminded Jacoby, 67, a  retired teacher, of the family doctors he knew growing up in a small  Pennsylvania town.
  
  "He knows you. It's not like you're a name on a chart," Jacoby  says.
  
  Doctors running these medical homes generally receive an extra or bigger  payment from insurers to manage a patient's health. The amount varies depending  on the plan.
  
  When it started a medical-home program in 2009, Blue Cross Blue Shield of  Michigan increased office visit reimbursements. The extra pay amounted to about  $7,500 more per doctor annually.
  
  All told, the insurer spends about $35 million a year to support  patient-centered medical homes that now care for around 2 million people. In  return, it estimates that it saved between $65 million and $70 million last  year alone.
  
  Growth in hospital admissions and emergency room visits slowed for patients  treated in these medical homes. Electronic prescribing helped doctors use  generic drugs more because they could see lists of covered medicines and  co-payments charged to the patient.
  
  The insurer's annual medical costs are about $9 billion, so the medical  homes offer a relatively small slice of savings. Still, Dr. Thomas Simmer, the  chief medical officer, is encouraged.
  
  "All of us who are vexed by high health care costs are impatient to  find something that's really going to be the answer to it," he says.  "You can't be impatient. You have to realize you're talking about human  beings and patients' health."
  
  It takes a heavy dose of patience to transform a practice into a medical  home. The process can take a couple of years and has to be done while the  practice is still functioning.
  
  "The metaphor we frequently talk about is redesigning the plane while  you're flying," said Dr. Bob Graham, a former CEO of the American Academy  of Family Physicians who has helped set up medical homes.
  
  Patients must also be willing to work more with their doctor or be  comfortable seeing other members of a care team instead of just the physician.  Primary-care doctors also need to foster cooperation from specialists who may not  receive extra reimbursement to do so.
  
  Money is an issue, too. Lynch's practice, which has 58 family doctors, spent  about $500,000 in 2003 to switch to electronic medical records, a must for  quick and efficient file-sharing with other providers. The practice has since  spent more on upgrades and training, but Lynch says it recouped the investment  in part by becoming more efficient and eliminating the clerical work those  paper files required.
  
  Despite the challenges, Simmer and others who work with patient-centered  medical homes expect the concept to grow.
  
  "I absolutely expect it to be the norm in primary care because it's  just plain better primary care," Simmer says. 
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